Provided is a film having a low refractive index, which can be formed under normal temperature and pressure while obtaining a lower refractive index, has excellent adhesion with a solid substrate, and does not lose geometric optical properties, such as the diffusibility or light-harvesting capability attributed to the microstructure. The method includes exposing the substrate to a gas including a silicon precursor. The mobile station is communicatively coupled to a base station. The mobile terminal may keep a table identifying the availability of content for defined locations. The blocking member can be repositioned to unblock the person from comfortably sitting in the chair upon obtaining an input code that matches an activation code.