One preferred embodiment of the invention provides systems and methods for controlling a physical system by generating an input to the physical system that does not excite unwanted dynamics. The discontinuous phase comprises a plurality of droplets, each of which comprises a suspending fluid and at least one particle disposed within the suspending fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the electrophoretic medium. At least one vehicle function is identified as a candidate for user-intended ASR control based on user interaction with the vehicle. The source region is formed in the substrate adjacent to an upper portion of the conductive line having the insulating layer thereon.