A material which electronically isolates a rubidium or cesium atom, which is bonded to only one or two oxygen atoms. Two transmission elements transmit charge accumulated in two adjacent photoelectric conversion elements to a first floating diffusion region, and another two transmission elements transmit charge accumulated in the other two photoelectric conversion elements to a second floating diffusion region. A radiation shield is between the emitter and the detector, and extends to the bottom of the radiation passing layer. Lip-objects can be obtained from the video signal by using an object-oriented coding technique, e.