Provided is a distortion-compensated amplifying circuit capable of suppressing distortion without attenuating a level of carrier components, and further obtaining a larger amount of suppression of distortion, which has not been achievable by conventional distortion-compensated amplifying circuit using a pre-distortion technique. One system includes catoptric elements configured to direct light from a light source to a line across the specimen at an oblique angle of incidence. The user designates any character sequences in the message stored in the RAM 4a by a character sequence designating unit 4b. , a wireless portable device related to the quality enhancement andor environmental quantities such as ambient lighting for the device. A post-deposition densification process in a reducing atmosphere enhances stability if the film is to be cured ex-situ. POSS silanols are reacted with a silane coupling agent in the presence of a solvent and a superbase.