Provided is a constellation rotation relay system and constellation rotation relay method which can acquire full diversity gain by performing constellation rotation for a channel matrix in a relay network when configuring a virtual MIMO channel. The subcutaneous electrode is adapted to be implanted in a frontal region of the patient so as to overlap a portion of the patient’s heart. The system according to certain embodiments reads a previously stored signature value corresponding to a respective data block for sending from a backup storage system having at least one memory device to a secondary storage system. Each process cartridge has an image-carrying member that transfers a developer image carried thereon to a sheet by opposing the sheet. Additionally, an information value can be transferred that represents the total encoder andor decoder delay.