Methods and systems for maintaining user privacy preferences based on one or more user identifications across a plurality of applications are provided. User plane controllers 42a-42c report their own status information to control plane controllers to which they belong, and control plane controllers 41a-41b manage the status information of the user plane controllers for each of user plane controllers subordinate thereto. The stapler includes an inherent force factor, calculated as the horizontal distance from the lever pivot axis to the end of the lever arm divided by the horizontal distance from the lever pivot axis to the ram input, of at least 3.