A touch device capable of identifying touch conflict has at least one function button mounted on a touch panel of the touch device and at least one auxiliary button mounted around the at least one function button. One end of the ferrule extends over the outer end of the hose, such that the ferrule engages the hose and extends slightly beyond the hose. If the substrate is initially provided with large pores, a precoating can be applied to the substrate prior to the application of the pigment nanoparticles thereto. The operating voltage applied to the power amplifier unit is adjusted based upon the control signal. The transparent display apparatus includes a transparent display unit that includes an emissive area and a transmissive area and is configured to display a video, an optical sensor configured to measure the amount of light, and a light shielding unit that is disposed on one surface of the transparent display unit and is configured to adjust transmittance on the basis of the amount of light.