A binding member removing apparatus 300 comprises a tray 30 for mounting thereon a bundle D of document sheets bound with a staple S, a removing unit 410 for removing the staple S from the bundle D of document sheets mounted on the tray 30, and a moving unit for moving the staple S removed by the removing unit 410. The non-uniformly spaced waveguide sensors are responsive to received radio frequency signals wherein the received power of the signals is dependent upon the orientation of the waveguide. The power distribution system generally includes a bus strip that, in a mobile platform, extends along a length of a passenger cabin and a connector operable to provide a connection between the bus strip and the passenger seats. A concentration for a given gas is calculated by determining what reference concentration creates a residual after division by a pure gas spectrum that forces these two arrays to converge. The combined washer dryer comprises an outer drum; a variable size inner drum that moves from a first position to a second position effective to increase the inner drum size; a water handling system; and an air handling system. A metal layer 10 is formed by depositing aluminum so as to cover the entire back 11b of the substrate 11, and a groove 23 formed at the portion of the metal layer corresponding to the groove 21.