Devices and methods are provided for forming and securing a tissue plication. Consequently, the exposure apparatus is capable of suppressing deterioration of a pattern image caused by bubbles in the liquid when an exposure is carried out while filling the space between the projection optical system and the substrate with the liquid. A system includes an iris scanner, an iris analyzer that forms an image of a human iris wherein the presence of eyelashes in the image is minimized, forms a feature vector associated with the iris image using a modified Fourier-Mellin transform, and compresses the feature vector into an iris digest. Finally, the system interpolates pixel values at a plurality of selected locations and generates a 2-D image of the 3-D dataset. The band matrix represents fluid flow within the respective flow paths, and the intersection table represents fluid flow between the flow paths at the flow path intersection.