A contact element for high voltage direct current switches includes a matrix made of a first material selected from the group comprising copper, silver, palladium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, gold, and alloys thereof. In a first embodiment, a static lookup table in the PCF is used to associate a list of identifiers for MNs and a list of the plurality of PDSNs in the network. A liquid crystal display apparatus of a transverse electric field drive type is thus provided. A multi-gear rear cassette having a plurality of sprockets coaxially mounted together wherein the plurality of sprockets includes the rear bicycle sprocket mounted axially rearmost and a bicycle including the multi-gear rear cassette are further provided. The active unit is designed to boost the signals before they are mixed with noise present within the subscriber’s premise network. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, respective micro-engines perform the data flow processing of data packets for each of the stages of an interconnection pipeline process and a global main processor performs the control processing of data packets for the interconnection pipeline process.