With regard to a distortion correction apparatus and method which are applicable to hardware for real-time distortion correction, provided are a distorted image correction apparatus and method for correcting a distortion of an image by using a non-polynomial estimation function suitable for a hardware operation, and for correcting the distortion of the image by utilizing a morphing form. A glass pane has an outer edge extending along the pane inner edge, an outside face, and an inside face. The valve flap opens and closes to shunt a gas flowing through the passage at the turbine-inlet side into the passage at the turbine-outlet side. In another embodiment, a composition for processing a substrate having a conductive material layer disposed thereon is provided which composition includes a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group of an amino acid based inhibitor, a polymeric based corrosion inhibitor, an oxidizer, a chelating inhibitor or combinations thereof.