Apparatus and methods are provided comprising an implantable non-hydraulic ring that encircles and provides a controllable degree of constriction to an organ or duct and an external control that powers and controls operation of the ring. The laser detection and ranging system comprises a fan beam generation unit, a streak unit, a telescope, a switch, and a detector unit. The reaction products contain virtually no byproducts and are advantageous binders for clearcoat materials and powder coating materials. , and the toner satisfies the relation of 0.