The invention encompasses fluorescent cyanine dyes and methods of using such dyes. The cylinder EQR module determines a first EQR corresponding to a first exhaust gas expelled from a first cylinder and determines a second EQR corresponding to a second exhaust gas expelled from a second cylinder. The flexible wrap material includes an upper end, a lower end and opposing side edges. In the configuration, control information such as authentication policy and protocols for use beforehand determined in the communication system are set to each apparatus to conduct communication such that the respective processing phases of the LCP, authentication, and NCP processing phases are executed in parallel according to the values set as above.