Line drivers that fit within a specified line pitch. The shape parameters can be determined on a per-audio-block basis. A controller is programmed to automatically control the adjustment mechanism. The video signal is corrected such that the shorter a video display time period provided to the EL element becomes, the higher the input video luminance of the EL element becomes in order to display black. Solutions, powders, glasses, gels, and the like containing the chemically reactive material and a preserving effective amount of one or more reduced malto-oligosaccharide species may be prepared. One such coupling transfers gas into an impeller shaft, the coupling having a smooth, tapered internal surface to align with a corresponding surface on the impeller shaft and help prevent gas leakage and to assist in preventing damage to the impeller shaft.