Methods, systems, and computer program products are disclosed for generating emergency alerts. Advantages include an enhancement of the therapeutic effect of other therapies by increasing perfusion or reducing hypoxia in the treatment area, further, the methods herein may also result in the disruption of the vasculature, which provide further impetus for such treatments, singly and in combination with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The upper clad layer includes a stripe-like width-narrowed portion, and a width-broadened portion formed at a position closer to a light-incident end face than the width-narrowed portion and having a width wider than the width-narrowed portion. As a result of this inclusion, wiring is protected. The friction coating may comprise a weak adhesive that is adapted to inhibit migration of the friction coated labels but is not strong enough to provide a self supporting reliable adhesive bond for retail applications.