A pneumatic tire is provided with improved braking performance and turning performance on ice. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain. The shutter system is activated to block refresh lines or other artifacts present when the display refreshes.