A wall-supporting device for use in construction of a building to prevent water located on a floor surface from absorbing into a building material forming a vertical wall surface by separating the building material a distance from the floor. For example, either a positive time duration or a negative time duration may be converted to a digital representation by a linear time-to-digital converter. The proteins can include, BSA which can be bound using a reaction with the surface of a tosyl-activated microparticle. The branch stub stores information about the original branch instruction including an original target address of the original branch instruction.