Methods to identify and risk stratify disease states, cardiac structural defects, functional cardiac deficiencies induced by teratogens and other toxic agents, pathological substrates, conduction delays and defects, and ejection fraction using single channel biological data obtained from the subject. An epitaxial layer with a plurality of trenches is provided and a gate oxide layer is covered the sidewalls and bottoms of the trenches. The gathering portion includes a flattened gathering head, an elongated handle, and a coupling arrangement for coupling the gathering head to the elongated handle at a pre-selected downward angle.