1460650218-09c4c5f2-f248-4c05-a096-393f31cb018d

Techniques, antenna systems and apparatus based on composite right and left handed metamaterial structures to couple CRLH MTM circuits to transistors to amplify signals in wireless RF receivers and transmitters. When a given user has a packet delay time violating a threshold, the PF of the user is adjusted accordingly. The optical element is obtained by precision press molding the preform. The criteria include a physical world location of the receiving device.