An automated method for dispensing pharmaceuticals, particularly tablets and capsules, and other small discrete objects, includes: receiving prescription information, selecting a container, labeling the container, dispensing the tablets or capsules into the labeled container, applying a closure to the filled, labeled container, and offloading the container to a designated location. The system collects a number of facts and based on rules governing the data units, new rules and facts are gained from the analysis. The refractive index of the first fluid is the same as the refractive index of the second fluid. The cannula is configured to prevent blood-flow exiting the distal end from immediately discharging against a wall of the vessel.