A metal terminal includes an post winding-around portion which is connectable to an electrode post to clasp from an outer side thereof. The inventive formulation comprising multi-branched surfactant compounds with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic constituents within each branch attached to a polyfunctional base compound permit effective moisture penetration through plant growth media for sustained seedling and plant growth therein. The number-of-change point updating circuit updates the number-of-change point information stored in the number-of-change point memory about a clock phase related to timing thereof when a rising change point or a falling change point occurs in the baseband signal. The motor further includes a short cylinder rotor, which may have a lens inside for certain optical applications, or it may include other elements.