1460661575-c4493b74-2710-448f-9fcc-3bc7e0dc5751

An electrical resistor has an electrically conductive stack, which includes a plurality of metal first layers and second layers. A second chopper circuit generates a second sequence of square wave voltages having a voltage level that changes to a negative side by chopping a direct current voltage at a frequency twice as high as the system frequency. A message related to the state variable is transmitted from a resource control device to an interface framework.