A transcoder calculates a reference conversion factor on the basis of a ratio between a total target bit rate of a whole second stream and an total input bit rate of a whole first stream and calculates a coefficient of variation from the total target bit rate of the whole second stream and an average output bit rate of a converted second stream in the N period. The light source, the network interface, and the camera may be in communication with the controller, the controller having a central processing unit, and an inputoutput interface. The tube of soft dielectric and the metal conductor are both embedded within the volume of insulator. The camshaft position sensor may be coupled to the engine structure and configured to determine the rotational position of the camshaft based on a magnetic impulse from the timing wheel. The system includes atomization of the coating composition, containment of the atomized spray, and residual recovery which together yield a novel method for applying chemical compositions.