A luminescent diode that improves brightness uniformity, a fabrication method thereof, and a backlight assembly having the same are disclosed. The method uses thermal inertia change detection. The sensor control unit is configured to calculate an irrigation value using a signal from the sensor and to automatically modify a watering schedule of the irrigation controller through the adjust feature based on the irrigation value to thereby conserve water while maintaining plant health. The membrane includes at least one vapor-permeable region, which overlies a portion of the coolant-carrying channel and facilitates removal of vapor from the coolant-carrying channel, and at least one orifice coupled to inject coolant onto at least one surface of the coolant-carrying channel intermediate opposite ends of the channel.