The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds which consists of a novel 41 radical annulation. In the apparatus, the voltage levels of the digital output signals are summed in accordance with the resistance values of the data compression circuit to produce a compressed analog signal. The medicine container is contained in an airtight state in a portable case including an upper body provided with protrusions and a lower body provided with grooves. A second device also may be formed on the insulating layer. The edge can be used to probe lead-based and lead-free solder on the pads of vias and test pads. In one aspect, image attention is modeled by preprocessing an image to generate a quantized set of image blocks.