In one embodiment, the present invention pertains to a night light assembly which plugs directly into an electrical wall receptacle to provide a beam of light that can be directed along different paths. It is modeled by unique mathematical structure, utilizing a function called the Q-Measure, defined using a set of adjustable kernel parameters to enable efficient hardware and software implementations of a variety of useful, new and conventional, filtering operations. The first doping region includes at least one low doping dose portion extending from the main surface of the semiconductor substrate to the second doping region. An escrow procedure stores a monetary representation of a deposit by the buyer equal to an amount of money in an escrow account, according to the agreed upon payment plan. The N-bit link is configured as a single link having a width of N or multiple sublinks having a width less than N based on a respective value of the respective signal on the one or more control lines.