A stamper with a sharp uneven pattern is obtained, and high precision information media can be manufactured using this stamper. The fiber amplifier includes a rare-earth doped fiber that exhibits normal dispersion at a wavelength of the laser beam generated from the laser. Confirmation of the presence or absence of roundworm in the mammal may be made, for example, for the purpose of selecting an optimal course of treating the mammal andor for the purpose of determining whether the mammal has been rid of the infection after treatment has been initiated. The equipment parameters of the workpiece tools, each having certain workpieces to be machined allocated to them, can be transmitted to the microprocessor control unit of the assembly tool. In another embodiment an integrated optical communication system includes one or more narrow surface corrugated gratings. A controller is configured to transmit a signal to the actuator to engage the engine valve to prevent the engine valve from returning to the closed position and to release the engine valve to the allow the engine valve to return to the closed position.