1460696188-dd9bbe5e-0a7f-4617-b8b6-65a17d59b1d0

An apparatus and method for automatic opening of bags uses bags in a folded configuration that include a small aperture near the top thereof. The encapsulated particles can be used in nanomedicine. The protocol blind network path indication unit obtains the indicator corresponding to a predetermined path by accessing the protocol blind correlation structure. A layered structure with channels aligned in multiple orientations in the layers permits the use of a flexible material without channel sagging and provides uniform flows.