The present invention provides a long reach optical amplification device, a passive optical network and an optical signal transmission method in the communication field. The navigation apparatus and method computes or retrieves and outputs or displays a unit area not suitable for travel, that is, a \u201ccell\u201d, from a destination, based on, for example, a type of moving object or data of a navigated area. A sampling needle has an inlet in one of the chambers and an outlet in fluid communication with the analyzer. In an embodiment, voltage-to-voltage convertors may be used to better match the photo-voltaic power unit capabilities to the load requirements. The power generating controls the power generating module to generate electricity when the temperature value of the heat generating element is higher than the upper limit of the predefined temperature value range.