An antenna system includes a fractalized element that may be a ground counterpoise, a top-hat located load assembly, or a microstrip patch antenna having at least one element whose physical shape is at least partially defined as a first or higher iteration deterministic fractal. The sparse direction includes a direction that maximizes change of the function. An input face of the optical fiber is between the first and second image planes and receives light diverging from the first image plane and light converging toward the second image plane.