A method of designing a multi-tier three-dimensional integrated circuit is provided that allows the use of two-dimensional integrated circuit design tools. Said apparatus additionally is shaped cross sectionally in a manner that shields said power and buss cable’s contact point on said take-up track of the cam module and idler module. The viewing optical system comprises, in order from an image display device side, one negative lens and one positive lens. Energy integration, photon counting, and limited energy resolution readout capabilities are described. The invention also relates to a container for holding a flowable substance and for attachment as a reservoir in a top-down position onto a device for dispensing the flowable substance. The instrument includes at least one sensor responsive to at least one of movement of the instrument, change in a instrument operating condition and an environmental condition proximate the instrument.