An electronic system comprising an image pickup unit 1, a computer 2, and communication terminals for connecting the unit and the computer, such as infrared communication ports 6, 10, a card slot 8, and serial communication terminals 5,9 wherein the necessary image data is allowed to be produced from the unit 1 and transmitted to the computer through the communication terminals. The reference generator may be, for example, a dummy row circuit, a dummy column circuit, or both a dummy row circuit and a dummy column circuit. The input terminal of the control FET and the grounded output terminal of the sync FET are coplanar with the un-recessed portion of the pad so that all terminals can be directly attached to contacts of a circuit board. The very high temperature of the electrical arc ignites the materials within the candle wick to cause combustion. The present disclosure further provides uses for such bilayer lipid membranes including, biosensing for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring, chemical and biological warfare agent sequestration, actuator development, and bio-fuel cell development. The method includes providing a photomask, exposing the photomask, detecting an aerial image to estimate the photomask, and irradiating gas cluster ion beams to the photomask based on an estimation result to correct the optical parameter in the photomask in relation to the aerial image.