The present invention provides an FM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing modulation process that enable high-speed data communications over any transmission media and networks. The particles are characterized in that their refractive index is different from that of the polymeric resin and in that their average particle size is 1 and 100 \u03bcm. During the clustering process, a hybrid distance measurement is used that allows the systems and methods to determine similarity across a number of different types of information. Report queries are run against total aggregated spend data within the aggregated spend database.