The invention relates generally to the measurement of objects, and particularly large objects by sensory devices and their holding structures which may experience changes in position in the presence of varying ambient temperature conditions. The semiconductor superlattice layer has periodic concave-convex shapes, and a plurality of semiconductor films each having bent portions in accordance with the concave-convex shapes are stacked in the semiconductor superlattice layer. One end of the tensioning device is affixed securely to the drumshell and the other end of the device is tightly attached to the counter-hoop. Further, at least one second electro-magnetic radiation which is associated with the spatial frequency bands of the image can be received, and the image can be reconstructed based on the spatial frequency bands. A window may be formed over the wafer components that may include micro lenses, posts and optoelectronic elements. By using the above agent, an increased rejection of inorganic electrolytes and organic compounds soluble in water can be maintained for a long time easily and safely at the location of the use of the membrane without extreme decrease in the flux of permeation in the membrane separation using a selective permeable membrane such as a nano filtration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane.