A device receives, from a customer, a request for an end-to-end path through a network, determines parameters of a query based on the request and path criteria, and executes the query on a database of network elements capable of being included in the end-to-end path. A receiver detects a preamble from a transmission bit string. When a device pertaining to the domain receives half of an imported content file via streaming, transport packets of the received half of the imported content file can be promptly decrypted without a time delay. The third signal control switch is ON through a driving of a second control pulse and electrically coupled to the data voltage. This process can be repeated on a number of regions from the second digital image.