One or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx andor SOx in the LNT is reduced to a lower level when an operating state makes the LNT otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT. The GROUNDLINGS module can be configured to generate a GER position using a time of flight of a downlink pseudo-random noise signal and a Doppler shift of at least one of the downlink PRN signal and a downlink tone signal on a common frequency carrier. A white balance control configures the white balance of the representative electronic signal in accordance with a white balance gain value. Physical density or activity of a target component contained in the liquid sample is determined based on an integrated value of the degree of the color reaction and the measured length or the spread area of the reacted portion. The data exchange system sends data through the data pipe line by transferring the data from a target memory on the target processor with the data unit to the emulator.