Systems and methods are provided for managing license objects to applications in an application platform database system. The developing device includes a rotary member whose shaft is rotationally supported by at least one bearing and is not to be supplied with new developer while any developer remains therein. The bipolar electrode is sequentially laminated to provide connection in series via the electrolyte layer to form a stack structure. , from acidic, alkaline, andor non-aqueous solutions, allows different functionalities to be introduced to the materials and optimized. The chemicals desorbed from the sorbent material are then pumped out of the sorbent element and to the chemical sensor. The stimulating parts have an inverted bowl shape and come in several types with different thicknesses.