A liquid ejecting head includes a passage-forming substrate provided with a pressure-generating chamber communicated with a nozzle which ejects droplets, and a piezoelectric element provided on the passage-forming substrate. These methods and apparatus allow a user to access and make use of electronic media input and output devices by reference to andor utilization of standard printed Matter, such as magazines, textbooks, or any other printed matter that can be correlated to electronic media. A timing control circuit generates a vertical scan timing signal and a horizontal scan timing signal using a divided clock signal. The memory cell can include a non-ohmic device that is electrically in series with the memory element. The second conductivity type base layer is formed in a divided manner, and each of the second conductivity type base layers are separated by the first conductivity type base layer. The recording head has a heating device for heating the recording head.