Method and apparatus for measuring temperature of a measured area of a surface without contacting the surface. The multilayer wiring substrate is free from a core substrate and includes a build up layer which includes an insulator layer and a wiring layer. Other methods of the invention are directed to selection of target segments within target genes using a correspondence regime between different triplets of three bases and the three possible positions of a triplet within a nine-base site. The processing unit generates three-dimensional information as to a scanned object. An embodiment detects a breach related to the plurality of geo-fence perimeters, the breach corresponding to a breach of one of the plurality of geo-fence perimeters, records the breach as one of a plurality of breaches, determines whether the plurality of breaches meet one or more conditions, and if the plurality of breaches meet the condition, issues a notification.