The invention relates to a thin sound absorbing multi-layer assembly, which is intended, in particular, to reduce interior or exterior noise of a motor vehicle. The data communication apparatus is constituted by connecting a data transmitting apparatus and a data receiving apparatus via a transmission path. If detection is performed directly by a photometric sensor, on the other hand, apparatus having a complicated structure is required. Such page tailoring techniques may include stretching the content across a plurality of files, discarding a portion of the content, reducing portions of the content, or the like. The value of a lateral force is calculated by using the tire dynamic model based on the time-series data of the transient response of the slip angle thus obtained. The deformable seal is configured to substantially prevent a gas from flowing past the seal towards or away from the reservoir of liquid.