A voltage limiting unit of a solid state imaging device limits a voltage of a signal line so as not to become a predetermined value or less. The first Buyer set up a demand to buy one detail consumer goodscommodity with highest price heshe may accept to buy, enclose a Minimum Quantity for auction lot. First, a high voltage pulse is input to two ends of a winding of a winding product. The present invention further provides for more dynamism and allows fault-tolerance by distribution of functionality. Creating a pth Code Ring from a previous code ring using a preselected ring coding technique, the pth code ring having N ring-bit phase positions corresponding to N axis positions, with N data bits of the pth code ring corresponding to the N ring-bit phase positions of the pth code ring.