A test chart on which measurement images are formed is conveyed in one direction. The communication method, apparatus, and system provided by the embodiments of the present invention implement IP address-based communication and management for a device that does not have an IP address by means of port mapping and packet encapsulation. Session data can represent user navigation through the states, and a predetermined set of parameters for session data can be defined by the first structure of the interactive system. Also disclosed are methods for making such nonwoven fabrics. The rollers allow the golf club shaft to freely rotate about its longitudinal axis so that the golf club head will hang down freely. In order to provide the encoding system, the maximum number of bits Tmax is set for each VOP, and the output of encoding unit and the output of fixed code output unit is switched and outputted so that the number of bits Sc of the VOP may not exceed the Tmax.