The invention provides novel 8-azabicyclo3. A timing circuit comprises a TDC circuit, a calibration module, and a correction module. The turf surfaces may have the ability to float or a floatable substrate can be disposed below the turf for using the device as a floating target for golf shots. The networks may be wired or wireless, and may be BAN, PAN, LAN, WAN, or home networks. The system of the invention contains a feed station, a metering device, a novel hydrogel particle-forming apparatus and a quench station.