A silver-palladium alloy formulated to provide an alloy with a whiter color and superior casting and fabrication properties as compared to nickel-based white gold and also to impart to an article of jewelry or the like favorable properties afforded by white gold. The code data are converted into area information and stored in a storage unit, from which particular area information is retrieved and transmitted to an on-vehicle navigation device by which a traveling route of the vehicle is established on the basis of area information to guide the vehicle to the destination. Methods for reducing snake, bee and scorpion toxin proteins with a thiol redox agent and thereby inactivating the protein or detoxifying the protein in an individual are also provided. In an embodiment, the first card hand comprises five cards and the second card hand comprises two cards. The battery monitoring system may also include a second polling agent. Bytes of data in the stream may be shifted to avoid defective locations in the memory such as bad columns.