Methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal reactive oxygen species including administering to a subject an effective amount of a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide. Plural devices 200 are connected to the looped interface 120 and a port bypass circuit 210 detaches the faulty device from the looped interface. The light polarized by the polarization beam splitter at a given polarizing plane is transmitted and is applied to a recording surface of an optical disc via a \xbc-wave plate and an objective lens. The integrated circuit chip package is formed by placing the chip and substrate within a mold cavity and pressing a transfer mold compound into the mold cavity.