A credit-based pacing scheme for heterogeneous speed frame forwarding. In an implementation, the device includes one or more self-assembled resilient leads disposed on an integrated circuit chip. The system of installation includes joint designs that meet the same parameters as the modified asphalt mat to provide a seamless containment cap or liner to contain hazardous wastes at RCRA, Superfund sites, waste sites and environmental containment areas. Effective grating periods can be produced this way that are 10 to 100 times smaller than those produced today, and the diffraction efficiency of these asymmetric multilayers is higher than conventional gratings.