A T-shaped blade, or one or more hollow tubes, are vibrationally excited by one or more piezoelectric elements to generate an airflow from a free end of the blade or tube. The material composition is useful within electrodes within electrical components including but not limited to electrochemical gas cells, supercapacitors and batteries where enhanced cycling may be realized. According to a second aspect, the substantially disk-shaped cavitation element has passage openings which have rounded inner walls. The method can comprise comparing the predicted and actual performance.