An apparatus and method for constraining an amplitude range parameter associated with the acquisition and display of a signal under test acquires samples of the SUT that are constrained according to the amplitude range parameter to generate a stream of acquired samples representing a constrained SUT. A ceramic as used in this patent document is a solid solution formed by calcination of a compound. In correlation with a rising edge of the forced stimulation, a first maximum value of the air ratio is determined according to the signal profile of the exhaust gas sensor measurement signal during a first measurement duration, and a second maximum value of the air ratio is determined according to the exhaust gas sensor measurement signal during a subsequent second measurement duration. The timing generating circuit delays a time for outputting data from the data acquisition circuit to the processor based on the delay of time outputted from the delay measuring circuit. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.