This invention provides VEGF-FSH compounds having increased serum half-lives relative to either native VEGF or FSH, in which both VEGF and FSH are biologically active. In one embodiment, a pre-polish cleaning operation with a complexing organic acid buffer system is performed prior to the CMP of the copper. The retransmission can be accomplished by assembling a message that is sent to another modem requesting retransmission of one or more portions of data, such as one or more codewords.