In a 5\xd73 wavelet transform apparatus, a function-A module calculates equations A1 and A2, a function-B module calculates equations B1 and B2, function-C0 module calculates an equation C0, and a function-C1 module calculates an equation C1. A water-based suspension with a specific gravity in the range of 1. Based at least in part on the wagers the central server determines when bonus events will occur and which gaming machine will provide the bonus awards. Each flow channel i is connected to carry a corresponding one of the N secondary flows. To actuate the pixel, the electronics layer is configured to selectively apply an electrical potential difference to the second conductor thereby causing the active layer to move away from the top surface so as to prevent the optical coupling of light out of the waveguide.